Think of your body as a car. Just like a car needs gasoline to run, your body’s cells need a type of sugar called glucose for energy. Blood sugar is simply the amount of glucose present in your bloodstream.
Where Does It Come From?
The primary source of glucose is the food you eat, especially carbohydrates like bread, pasta, fruit, and sweets. Your digestive system breaks these down into glucose, which then enters your blood.
The Key Hormone: Insulin
Once glucose is in your blood, it needs a “key” to enter your cells. This key is a hormone called insulin, produced by your pancreas. Insulin ensures your blood sugar levels stay in a healthy, balanced range—not too high and not too low.
When the Balance is Off
- High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia): This occurs when your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it effectively (a condition known as insulin resistance). Consistently high levels are a hallmark of diabetes.
- Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): This happens when your blood sugar drops too low. It can be caused by too much insulin, skipping meals, or intense exercise. Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
Why Does It Matter?
Keeping your blood sugar balanced is crucial for long-term health. Chronically high blood sugar can damage blood vessels over time, leading to serious complications affecting your heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
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